Divisions of Scots | Features of Scots | Fringe Scots | Historical Scots | Scots Diaspora | Scots-English Lexicon | Urban Scots
A
a’ – all
aback – in the rear
aboot – about
abune, aboon – above, over
ae – one
afore – before, in front of
again – ready for, before
agley – awry, wrong
ahint, ahin’– behind
aiblins, aiblens – possibly
aik – oak
ain – own (adj.)
airles – payment made in token of employment
airt – quarter, direction
aisse – ashes
aits – oats
aix – axe
a-jee – ajar
amaist – almost
amang – among
ance – once
ane – one
anent – concerning: <anent sic things>
aneth – below
anither – another
ase, auss – ashes
ask – lizard
atween – between
aught – anything
aucht, aught – eight
auld – old
auldfarrant – old-fashioned…wise, witty
ava – of all, at all
aye – always, ever
ayont – beyond, past <ye’re ayont me there>
B
ba’ – ball
bairn – child
bairnies – children
baith – both
ballant – ballad
ban – to curse
bane – bone
bang – to thrash
barm – yeast
baudrins – pussy-cat
bauk – cross-beam
bawk – strip of unploughed land
bear, beir – barley
beck – obeisance, curtsey
behin, behint – behind
belang – belong to
ben – indoors, parlour, contrasting with butt
bent – sandy hillock…with bent grass
beuk – book
beyont – beyond
bide – remain, endure: <bidin’ at hame>
bield – protection, shelter, cover
birk – birch tree
birkie – foolish young fellow
bit (adj) – <a bit loonie> a small child
bizz – to buzz
blae – blue, livid
blate – bashful
blaw – to blow: blaws – blows
bleeze – to blaze
blether – to talk foolishly
blin’ – blind
bock – to vomit
bogle – ghost, spectre, goblin
bonnie, bonny – fine, lovely, splendid
boortree – the shrub elder
brae – hill, hillside, slopes
brak – to break
branks – halter, bridle
brattle – clatter…noisy onset
braw, bra’ – fine, splendid
brechan – horse-collar made of or lined with straw
breeks – trousers
brig – bridge
brock – badger
brose – oatmeal mixed with boiling water or milk, and salt and butter added
brunt – burnt
brust – burst
bude – had to, needed to: <there bude to be some rizzon for ‘t>
buik – book
bum – to hum
burn – water, stream
burnie – small stream
busk – to prepare, dress. dress up
byke, bike – hive
byre – cowshed
C
ca’ – call: urge forward, drive
cackit – befouled with excrement
ca’d – called
cadger – travelling hawker
cairds – gipsies
caller – fresh, cool
cam – came
camstairy – obstinate
canna – cannot
canny – knowing, shrewd: careful, cautious: favourable, gentle, steady, kindly, pleasant
canty (adj/adv) – lively, cheerful(ly)
carl – fellow, old man
cast – throw
catch’d – caught
caw – drive: ‘caw a nail’
chafft-blade – jaw-bone
cheel, chiel, chield – lad, young fellow: <a rough sailor chield>
chimla, chinlie – fire-place, hearth
chow – to chew
chuck, chuckie – mother hen
claes – clothers clag – an encumbrance
clamb – climbed
clap – to pat on the head, to stroke fondly
clash – chatter clarty – sticky, dirty
claver – clover
clavers – idle talk, chatter, gossip
cleedin’ – clothing: <cleedin’ them>
cleek – to clutch, lay hold of
cleg – gad-fly
clink – cash: vb. to ring
clockin-time – hatching-time, child-bearing
cluckie – chicken
cod – pillow
coof – fool, ninny
corbie – a raven
corn-mou – stack or pile of corn
couldna, cuidna, cudna – could not
coup – overturn, upset: ‘coup the kettle’
cowp, coup – to upset, capsize
crack – talk, chat
cranreuch cauld – sharp hoarfrost
creel – whicker basket
croose, crouse – merry, cocksure
crowdie – oatmeal mixed with water and eaten raw: porridge
cushat – wood-pigeon
D
dadie – father
daffin – fooling
daft – silly, foolish
dail – dale
dail – deal, fir- or pine-wood plank
daimen icker in a thrave – an odd ear of corn
dang – dashed [trans]: <dang to the yird>
daurk – day’s labour
dawd, daud – hunk, large piece
deave – to deafen
deavt – deafened
dee – die: dee’d – died
deevil, deil, diel – devil
deith – death
deivin’ ye – deafening you + dight – <dightin’ wi’ the blot>
delver – gardener
den – dean, dingle
dight – make ready: wipe: clean
ding – to overcome, beat: dang (pret.) pushed, knocked + dingin’ – ‘<It’s black theroot, an’ dingin’ oot, wi’ great thuds o’ win’ >’
dinna – do not
dirl – to shake, rattle
div – do: <Weel div I un’erstan’ ye>, <I div not see>
divna – don’t: <Divna I min’ ye a sma’ wean>, <divna ye?>
diz – does
dockin – dock (-leaf)
doesna – doesn’t
doo – dove
doobt, – doubt: doobtna – don’t doubt: <I doobtna a hair>, <I doobt there’s something no richt aboot it>
dools – sorrows
doon – down
douk – to duck, dip
doup – backside, buttocks, posteriors
dow – be able, dare
dow – pigeon
dowie – sad, dismal, melancholy, unwell, in decline
dozen’d – made impotent
dree – to suffer, put up with
drouk – to soak, drench
drouth – thirst: drouthy – thirsty
drucken – drunk
drumble – to muddy: <drumblet (=muddied, troubled) wi’ luve>
drumlie – sedimented, cloudy
du – do
dub – stagnant pool, mire: dubs – mud
duddies, duds – clothes: rags, tatters
dunts – knocks
duv – do: <Duv ye ca’ yersel’ an honest man?>
dwine – to fade away: ‘to dwine an’ dwin’le’
dyke – low dry-stone wall <upo’ the dyke>
E
‘ears – years
ee, e’e – eye (plural een): <the aipple o’ their e’e>
efter – afterwards
eneuch, eneugh, aneuch – enough
ettle – to purpose, aim
F
fa’ – fall
fain – glad, content, happily:<I wad fain an’ far raither…>
fairin’ – a present from a fair
fash – to bother, trouble
fashious – tricky, awkward
fear’d, fear’t – frightened, afraid
feg – fig
fells – upland fields
fend, fen’ – shift, effort: vb: to support, fend (for themselves)
fess – fetch
fin’ – to find: pret. fand
flee – to fly
fleein’ aboot – flying/rushing about
fley – to terrify, frighten: fleys – frightens: + <nathing to be fleyt at>
flit – to shift, move: intrans. to go, depart, change house
fluke: ‘the flukes – plaice, you call them’
flyte – to scold
foggage – coarse grass
fower – four
fowth – abundance
frae – from
frig – sexual stimulation: friggin’ – rubbing
fulmart, fulmart – pole-cat
G
gab – to talk readily: noun: mouth
gae – to go, walk: gae’d, gaed – went: gaein’ – going
gane, gaen – gone: <The maister’s gane>
gang – to go, depart, walk
gang aft agley – often go wrong
gar – to make, cause, compel: <What gars ye speir?>
gat – got
gate – road, way
gav – gave
gawkie – booby, fool
gear – possessions, money, property, wealth
geck – toss the head in scorn
geld – kite (bird)
gerse – grass
getten, gotten, p.p. og git
gey – good: <a gey lang walk>, <a gey lot o’ sheep>
gie – to give
gi’en, gien – given, if: <gien ye please>
gif – if
giglets keckle – giddy creatures laugh
gimmer – yearling ewe
girdle – griddle for baking scones
girn – to grin, snarl
girn – to grin: <I’m jist girnin’>
girt – great
gizzen – to warp: shrivel through drought
glaiket, glaikit – careless, foolish
glamor – enchantment, magic
gled – hawk
gleg – quick, lively, smart, fixed gaze?: <bairns’ e’en are gey gleg upo’ angels>
glower – to stare wide-eyed: to gleam
golach – beetle: <worms an’ golachs>
gowan daisy
gowd – gold
gowdspink – goldfinch
gowk – cuckoo: fool, dolt: <Maister A’body has a heap o’ the gowk in him yet>
grain – branch of a tree
graith – equipment, tools, goods: dress, habit
gree – to agree
gree – prize
greet, greit – cry, weep: <dinna greit>
grit – great: <grit an’ strang>
grozet – gooseberry
guide it cannie – use it carefully
guidman – farmer
gullie, gully – large knife
H
hae – have
hain – to save, spare
haivers – nonsense, gossip
hame, haem – home
hansel – new year or good luck gift
hap – to cover, shield
harn – coarse linen, sackcloth
haud, ha’d – to hold: <haud yer tongue> or haud awa’ wi’ ye – ‘no’, ‘stop’
hauver – oat
havers – idle chat, nonsense?
hawkie – pet name for a cow
hearken till – listen to
heid – head
het – hot
heugh – crag: ravine
himsel’ – himself
hin’er en’ – last end
hing – to hang
hingin’ – hanging: ‘hingin’ doon’
hinny, hiney – honey, sweetheart, darling
hirple – to limp, hobble
hoggie – young sheep from time of weaning till the first fleece is sheared
horsie – horse
houp – hope
houtlet – owl(et)
howe, how – hollow (a land feature, and as standard adj.)
howdie – midwife
howk, howck – to dig, scoop, delve <howkit oot o’ the din>
hoyse – a hoist, a pull upwards
hoy’t – cried ‘hoy!’
huly – gently: <Huly, huly, sir!>
hunkers – hams, haunches
huz – us
I
i’ – in, into
i’ the – in the
ilk, ilka – each, every
ilka ane – each one
ingle – fire burning on a hearth: <ingle-neuk> – hearth-corner
intil’t – in it
I’se – I shall
J
jad – mare: wench
jaloose, jalouse – to guess, surmise
jaloost – suspected
jaup – to jerk as agitated water, to splash
jouk – to dodge, duck
K
kail – green kale: vegetable broth, pottage
keek – to peer, glance, peep (at)
kelpie – demon
ken – to know, be aware of, learn
kenna – don’t know: <I kenna whaur to gang>
kep – to catch, intercept, keep: <to kep a ghost>
ket – a matted, hairy fleece of wool
kirk – church
kirkyaird – churchyard
kirn – a churn: a harvest-home
kirs’n – to christen
kist – chest, coffer
kittle – to tickle, excite, rouse
kye – cows, cattle
kyte – belly
kyvel – to thump, bang
L
laik, lake – a lack
landlouping – trespassing: <landloupin’ knaves>
lang – long
lap – enfolded, wrapped
lave – rest, remainder
laverocks – larks
lead – to lead in, cart
learn – to teach
lee – lie, tell falsehood
leister – pronged spear used in salmon fishing
let – to allow
leuk – to look
libbet – castrated
lick – to beat up: <he wasna big enough to lick>
licks – thrashing, punishment
lift – load, large amount
lift – sky
limmer – rascal
linn – waterfall, cascade
linns – steep rocks
lintwhite – linnet
lippen – to trust, depend on
lippent oot – depended on: <the sheep cudna be lippent oot to pick their bit mait [food] themsel’s’>
loup, lowp – to leap, jump: preterite lap : loupin’ – jumping: <loupin’ ower the mune>
lour – to glower
louse, lowse – to loose
lowe – flame, fire: vb. to blaze, rage: <gien the hoose was to brak intil a lowe>
lowse – to loosen: <to lowse the richt o’ ‘t>
lugs – ears
lum – chimney
M
mair, mare – greater, more:
maist – most: almost
maitter – matter
mak – to make: <I mak nae doobt>, <mak melody>
‘mang – among
maskin’ – [brewing tea]
maukin – the hare
maun – must:
maunna – must not
mell – to consort: to meddle
mense – decorum
menseless-like – graceless
merle – blackbird
messan – lap-dog: cur
micht – might
mickle, muckle, meikle – great, plentiful, much
middin – cess pit, dung-hill
min’ (mind) – to recall, remind, remember
minny – mother
mirk – dark: <a wull mirk> a wild darkness
mislear’d – unmannerly
mizl’d – confused
mony – many
mools – mould
moorcock – grouse
moudiewart, modewurk – mole
mowe – to copulate (with a woman)
mowse – safe to meddle with: <There’s that ‘at ‘s no mowse aboot it>
muckle – much: <ower muckle din>
mutchkin – quarter pint (Scots)
N
na, nae – no: not
naebody – nobody
naething – nothing
nane – none
nappy – ale
neist – next
neuk – corner, recess
nicht – night
nick – to cut
nieve – fist, clenched hand
no – not
noo – now
nor – than
nowt – cattle, oxen
O
onie, ony – any
oor – our
owcht, ought, aught – anything
oursells – ourselves
ower, owre, o’er – over: <a bit ower happy>
owsen – oxen, cattle
oxter’d – armed, carried under the arm
P
pairtrick – partridge
pattle – plow-stick
pauky, pawkie – cunning, crafty, sly
penny–wheep – small beer
phiz – countenance, expression of face
pick – pitch: <as dark ‘s pick>
plack – coin: <naither plack nor bodle>
plack – small coin
plash – splash: <disappeared with a great plash>
pleuch, pleugh – plow
pock – bag, sack
puddock – toad
pyet – magpie
Q
quean – young girl, sturdy lass
quey – a cow from one year to two years old
quo – said: <quo he>
R
ram-stam – headstrong, reckless
raw – row, file
rax – to stretch
reck – to regard, care for, heed
redd up – tidy
reek – smoke
reestet – smoke-dried, ‘cured’
reid – red: <reid wi’ heather>
rice – branch
richt – right
rig – (arable) ridges
rin – to run
rive – to break up
ro’d – road
roosty – rusty
rottans – rats
rowan – mountain ash
rowte – to bellow, roar, low
S
‘s – is, are: as: us: shall
sae – so
sair – sore: <his heid’s some sair yet>
sald – sold: p.p. sell’t
sall I – shall I
sang – song
sark – shirt: chemise
sattled – settled
sauch, saugh – willow
saut – salt
sax – six
scar – cliff, bank, rock
sconner – feel sick feel disgust: noun: disgust, revulsion
scrattin’ – scratching: <when the cat gangs scrattin’ at the door>
scroggy – covered with stunted bushes
scunners – dislike: <it’s the natur o’ dougs to tak scunners>
scunnert – disgusted: <scunnert wi ‘t>
see’d – saw
shanna, sha’na – shan’t
shaws – groves
shiel – hut, shanty
shill – shrill
shog – a jog, shock
shool – shovel
shouthers – shoulders
shuin, shune, shoon – shoes
sic – such, thus, so:
siccan – such-like
sic-like – similar: <sic an’ siclike>, <sic-like sinners>
siller – silver
sin, sen – since, from the time that:
sinsyne – since then
skelp – to strike, beat, thrash
skyte – a smart and sudden blow
slee – clever, wise, witty, sly
sloken – to slake, satisfy
sma’ – little, slight
smit – to smite
sneck – latch
sned – to lop, prune
snell – keen, bitter
snick – latch, bar
snowck – to snuff, pole about with the nose
snow-heap – pile of snow
sodger – soldier
sonsie, sonsy – good-natured, tractable’ busom, comely
spail – splinter
speel – to climb
spier, speir – to ask, inquire
speirin’ – enquiring: <what for didna ye speir that at me afore?>, <gien a body micht speir>
spunk – a spark, match
staincher, stanchel – stanchion, iron bar
stang – sting
staw – stole
steek – close: <steek the door>: <steeks his faulding slap> shuts his fold-gate
stirk – young bullock
stot – young bullock
stoure, stoor – battle, tumult, storm: adversity: dust
stow’d – filled, crammed
streekit oot – stretched out
sud – should
swarfed – fainted
syke – small stream, ditch
syn(e) – then, since
T
tae – to
tae – toe
taed, tade – toad
tak’ – take, ta’en – taken
take – to take, seize: p.p. ta’en
taties – potatoes
tave – to struggle: <yer sawl tyauvin’ (=wresling) with a deevil>
tellt – told
tent – attention, notice: <tak tent> – pay attention
tentie – attentive
tentless – careless
teuk – took
thae – those: ‘thae rimes’
thairm – intestine
the feck – larger part
the lave – the rest, remainder
theek – to thatch
thegither – together
thir – these
thole – to endure, suffer
thrang – crowd, press of people: adj. crowding, in a crowd, busy
thrapple – throat
threap – argue obstinately
thrist – thirst
thrum – an end of warp-thread left unwoven on the loom when the web is cut off
thrum – to sound monotonously, hum
till – to
timmer – timber
tip, tup – a ram
tittie – sister
to jee – with a swing, sideways
to lapper – turn to curds (intrans.)
tod – fox
toom, tuim – empty: <my hert’s jist toom like>: <Deith, glowerin’ at them oot o’ his toom e’en>
towmond’s – twelvemonth’s
trews, trouse – close fitting trousers, worn with stockings
trig – trim, smart
tu – take care of: <tu wi’ the door> i.e. shut it
twa – two
tyke – dog, cur, mongrel
V
vend – to sell
verra – very
W
wadna – wouldn’t
war – were
wark – (noun) – work. labour
warran’ – <I s’ warran’ ye frae noticin’!>
warstlet – wrestled: + <amay warstle throu>
wasna – wasn’t
watter – water
wauks wakes
waur – worse
wean – child: weanies – infants
weel – well, fine, satisfied
weet – wet
wersh – insipid
we’se – we’ll
wha – who
whang – thick slice of cheese: vb. to beat (as with a thong)
what for – why: whatfore no – why not?
whilkever – whichever
whishtª – hushª
whyle, whiles – at times, sometimes
wi’ – with
widdie – noose, etc.: <Them’ at gangs whaur they kenna, may lan’ at the widdie (=gallows)>
wifie – diminutive of wife
win – to reach, gain, get: <Afore ye win til ‘im>, <the horse canna win throuw the snaw>
winna – will not, won’t
winnock – dimin. of window
wist – knew
won – to dwell
wons – dwells: <The kelpie wons aye by some watterside>
wordie – little word
wull – will
wyte – to blame, reproach: fault: <It’ll be a’ my wyte>
Y
yad – mare, old horse
year (pl.) – years
yellow geordie – guinea
yerk – to lash, stir up
yet, yett – gate
yeuk – to itch
yill – ale
yird, yirth – earth
Yule – Christmas


